Reforms and Revolutions: the Ottoman Empire, 1789-1922

The Ottoman Empire in the 19th century was marked by profound changes at every level. A series of reforming sultans and politicians attempted to remake the empire in a new image of Western modernity. But what did it mean to be modern? Where would traditional structures and religious values sit? Who would be part of the new Ottoman national community - and who would not? In this course, we will examine the tumultuous end of the Ottoman Empire, its reforms, revolutions, and its violent end.